Valence Translation Shift Found in Start With Why into Indonesian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/nvts.2023.19Keywords:
Valence, Translation Shift, Lexical MeaningAbstract
In an SL work, shifts frequently arise from the translator's interpretation being inconsistent with the author's purpose. One of the phenomena is the shift in syntax between words written in the two languages (SL and TL) in the narrative of the book Start With Why, written by Simon Sinek in 2009 and translated into Indonesian by Purwoko in 2019. In order to achieve equivalence of meaning, this research focuses on a change in structure or valence as a result or tactic. There are three main problems in this research, namely: (1) what valence is found in Start With Why in English and its translation in Indonesian? (2) How does the translation shift occur in the translation of English verbs into Indonesian in the book Start With Why? (3) Why is the lexical meaning contained in the English argument filler words commensurate with the lexical meaning in the Indonesian text in the translation of the verbs in the book Start With Why?
According to Van Valin (2004: 92), the theory used in this study to look at the first research issue is valence. Translation shift by Catford (1965) is the theory applied to the second research issue. In addition, the semantic map theory put out by Pinker (2013: 74–75), Song (2018), and Vyvyan and Green (2006: 400) is supported by the theory of lexical meaning by Baker (2018, 2018), which is used to explore the third research problem.
This research method is structured since it follows a set of procedures when doing the study. As stated by Zaim (2014: 15), conducting structural research requires specific steps or methods. The researcher serves as an instrument in the current research. This idea is in keeping with Creswell's belief that the researcher themselves serve as the primary instrument for qualitative research (2009: 175). The dimension of the valence shifts depending on the social language cognition of language speakers (bilinguals) is then measured using the Cognitive Affective Mapping system.
The findings of this study indicate the target language text's semantic valence differs from that of the source language text. It must shift to transitive because the notion of meaning for intransitive verbs in SL writings cannot be captured by the concept of meaning for intransitive verbs in TL texts. The study's second finding is that there are three different kinds of shifts: class shifts, intra-system shifts, and unit shifts. English involves vocabulary ideas that can express particular instances or occurrences, whereas Indonesian as a TL text does not, leading to the unit shift.
The various linguistic contexts and meanings that English and Indonesian carry lead to intra-system adjustments. Furthermore, word play, particularly in the semantic placement of actants, differs between written discourse structures in Indonesian and English. According to this study, the equivalence of meaning can be achieved by using extra information techniques. The results of assessing the affective cognition map suggest that English tends to be exhibited in input position one with denotation meaning while Indonesian tends to be presented in input position two with connotation meaning.